【Abstract】Enqubweni yokusebenza kweyunithi yesikhungo samandla, ukuvuza kwamafutha okugcoba e-turbine kuzokwenzeka, okuzoholela ekwandeni
okuqukethwe kwezinhlayiya nomswakama kuwoyela wokugcoba, futhi kusongela ukuphepha nokusebenza okuzinzile kwe-steam turbine.Leli phepha ligxile kulokhu
amaphutha avamile okuhlanza uwoyela nezimbangela zawo, futhi abeke phambili izixazululo nezindlela zokuthuthukisa zesikhathi esizayo
【Amagama angukhiye】 i-steam turbine;uhlelo lokwelapha amafutha okugcoba;i-lube oil purifier;ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza
1 Isingeniso
I-steam turbine lubricating oil isetshenziswa kakhulu ku-steam turbine, engadlala indima ekumunceni ukushaqeka, ukuwasha, ukugcobisa kanye nokupholisa ama-bearings.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kungase kube nendima ebalulekile ekulawuleni ukushisa okuthwala.Izinga likawoyela wokugcoba we-steam turbine lizoba nomthelela obalulekile emnothweni nasekuphepheni kweyunithi ye-steam turbine, okudingeka iqinisekise ukuthi ikhwalithi, inani kanye nokusebenza kukawoyela wokugcoba kungalinganiswa ngezinkomba ukugwema ikhwalithi yokuguqulwa kwamafutha okugcoba. .Ngobaizimboni zamandla enuzi, okokuhlanza uwoyela kuyithuluzi elibalulekile lokugcina imishini yeyunithi isebenza ngekhwalithi ephezulu.Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwalo mshini nakho kungaba nomthelela omkhulu.
2 Ukuhlaziywa kwephutha elivamile le-steam turbine lubricating oil process oil purifier
2.1 umgomo weisihlanzi samafutha
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yamafutha okugcoba asetshenziswa injini eyinhloko iqinisekisiwe futhi ifanelekile, isihlanzi sikawoyela sizosethwa ngaphansi kwethangi likawoyela elikhulu.isihlanzi sikawoyela singahlukaniswa sibe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-centrifugal kanye nokunemba okuphezulu.Phakathi kwazo, isimiso se-centrifugal oil purifier ukuhlukanisa uketshezi ngomehluko phakathi kwezinto ezimbili ezingahambelani, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlayiya eziqinile esigabeni se-liquid.Isihlanzi sikawoyela esinembayo esiphezulu sinendima ye-capillary edlalwa isici sokuhlunga, ukungcola nezinhlayiya kuwoyela wokugcoba ziyamuncwa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi igrisi yokugcoba inokuhlanzeka okuphezulu.Endabeni yokuhlanza uwoyela okunembayo okuphezulu kanye nesihlanza uwoyela we-centrifugal kuyasebenzisana, okunye ukungcola nomswakama kuwoyela wokugcoba kungasuswa ngempumelelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinga likawoyela wokugcoba lifinyelela izinga lokusetshenziswa, ukuze i-turbine isetshenziswe. futhi ugijime ngokuphepha okwengeziwe.
Isimiso sokusebenza esilandelwa isihlanzi samafutha sithi: lapho amafutha okugcoba engena ku-oil purifier, azokwenza ifilimu yamafutha ezinzile futhi encane kakhulu.Ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi, amafutha azongena ngaphansi kwesitsha futhi akhiphe umoya esitsheni.Umoya onomswakama ophansi ohlobene namafutha angcolile uzokhiqiza indawo enkulu yokugqoka ifilimu kawoyela, ngoba ukucindezela komhwamuko wamanzi efilimu kawoyela kukhulu kunamanzi asemoyeni, ngakho-ke amanzi emafutheni azokwenzeka into esobala ye-gasification. .Igesi encibilikisiwe namanye amagesi emafutheni aphuphuma ayongena emkhathini [3], bese uwoyela ohlungiwe ubuyela ethangini elikhulu.
2.2 Ukusingatha amaphutha ajwayelekile ohlelweni
Enqubweni ethile yokusetshenziswa yesihlanzi samafutha, amaphutha avame kakhulu yilawa: ① izinga eliphezulu le-alamu yoketshezi;② ukwehluleka kokudla uwoyela esitsheni;③ ukuvinjwa kwesihlungi se-outlet.
2.3 Imbangela yokwehluleka yenzekile
Izinhlobo zamaphutha ezivamile zihlanganisa izimo ezintathu, futhi izizathu eziyinhloko zalawa maphutha yilezi: ① izinga loketshezi lombhoshongo kanye nezinga eliphezulu loketshezi lwepani likawoyela.Uma i-vacuum tower itholakala ngembobo yokulunguza, ingaholela ekuveleni kwenkinga yomshini wokugxuma.② Uma i-0.45bar.g ingenakufinyelelwa phakathi nemizuzu engu-3 endaweni yevacuum, isihlanzi sikawoyela sizovalwa ngokuzenzakalela. , futhi esikrinini sokubonisa kuzophinda kwenze ukwaziswa, okuwukuthi, “ukwehluleka uwoyela wesitsha”.③ Uma indawo yokuphuma yesihlanzi samafutha ivinjiwe, lapho umehluko wengcindezi ufinyelela inani elinqunywe kusengaphambili, isenzo sokushintsha ingcindezi esihlukanisayo sizofaka i-alamu , enikeza opharetha umehluko wengcindezi ephezulu yesihlungi.
3 Ukuthuthukisa izindlela zokuphikisa neziphakamiso zamaphutha ajwayelekile
3.1 Izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa amaphutha ajwayelekile
Ngokuhlaziya amaphutha avamile omshini wokuhlanza uwoyela kanye nezimbangela zalawa maphutha, kuyadingeka ukubeka phambili izixazululo ezihambisanayo zezinkinga ukusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-steam turbine kanye nokwenza ngcono isimo sayo sokusebenza.Okokuqala, ngenxa yenkinga ye-alamu yezinga eliphezulu loketshezi, uwoyela ungathululwa bese uqalwa kabusha, futhi inani le-vacuum lingalungiswa ngendlela efanele.Uma ingaqala ngempumelelo, inani le-vacuum lingaphakanyiswa ngendlela efanele.Okwesibili, ngokubheka ukwehluleka kwesitsha, ngemva kokuhluleka kokufakwa kwamafutha, isihlanzi samafutha kufanele siqaliswe kabusha, bese kulungiswa i-valve yokulawula i-vacuum, ukuze i-vacuum degree embhoshongweni we-vacuum ilawulwe ngokuphumelelayo.Esinye isimo ukuthi kunezinkinga ze-inthanethi, njengokuthi uhla lokuvula i-valve yokungena luncane noma aluvulwa.Kulokhu, izinga lokuvula le-valve liyadingeka ukuze lilungiswe.Kwezinye izihlungi ezingenisiwe, ngenxa yokuthi akukho imitha yokucindezela okuhlukile, ngakho-ke, kungase kube nokuvinjelwa kwesici sokuhlunga, isixazululo sale nkinga sidinga kuphela ukuxhumana ngesikhathi esifanele nabasebenzi abafanelekile ukuze balungise noma bashintshe.Okwesithathu, ngenxa yenkinga yokuvinjwa kwesihlungi, kudingeka kuphela ukufaka esikhundleni isici sokuhlunga okungaxazululwa.Uma isici sokuhlunga singashintshwa ngesikhathi, ungaqhubeka nokusisebenzisa amahora amabili.Ngemva kokufika kwesikhathi, izovalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo, futhi isizathu sizovezwa esikrinini sokubonisa, okungukuthi, isici sokuhlunga esiphumayo sivinjiwe.
Ngemuva kokuthi wonke amaphutha aqedwe ngempumelelo, isidingo sokubeka inkinobho endaweni yokumisa, bese uqedela ukusetha kabusha imishini, kuze kube yilapho ukusetha kabusha kungaqala.
3.2 Ukuhlaziya izeluleko zokuthuthukisa
Lapho umshini wokuhlanza uwoyela uhluleka, kuyadingeka ukukhetha izindlela zokubhekana nazo ngesikhathi esifanele, kodwa ukuxazulula inkinga, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuqeda ukuvela kwalezi zithiyo kusuka empandeni.Kuhlanganiswe nolwazi olufanele lokusebenza nolwazi, leli phepha libeka phambili izinyathelo eziphikisanayo neziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa isihlanzi sikawoyela, ngethemba lokuhlinzeka ngereferensi yesixazululo sezinkinga ezihlobene emsebenzini ongokoqobo.
Okokuqala, amanzi amahhala, i-sediment kanye nokungcola kuzobekwa phansi ethangini, enye into yokuhlanza uwoyela ebekwe phakathi kwethangi iyindawo ephansi, engaveli phansi, indawo engaphansi kwebanga. , ayikwazi ukuya phansi ethangini kanye nokuqukethwe kwamanzi okukhipha amafutha aphezulu ngesikhathi ukuze kuhlanzwe, ngakho kufanele uvule njalo i-valve yokudonsa phansi ethangini, vumela ukungcola kanye nomswakama kungakhishwa kusukela phansi ethangini.
Okwesibili, uwoyela wokuhlanza uwoyela uzokhipha igesi ngqo egumbini lapho umshini utholakala khona, okuzoholela ephunga lesibani ekamelweni likhulu kakhulu, umswakama nawo ukhulu kakhulu, kubasebenzi kanye nemishini ayifanele isikhathi eside. isikhathi sokuhlala.Uma abasebenzi besebenza kule ndawo isikhathi eside, kuzoba nomthelela empilweni yabo.Uma umswakama wegumbi umkhulu ngokuqhathaniswa, ukusebenza komshini wokuhlanza uwoyela nakho kuzoba nemiphumela emibi.Umshini wokuhlanza uwoyela uzokhipha amanzi ekamelweni, futhi uzodonswa umshini wesibani ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhuphuka komoya, ngaphansi kwesenzo sokujikeleza isikhathi eside, ukusebenza kahle komshini wezibani kuzoncishiswa.Ezingxenyeni eziningi zamanje, i-fan exhaust iyindawo eyinhloko yokungenisa umoya ekamelweni.Ngenxa yalesi simo, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi wengeze umugqa womshini wezibani.Ukuze ukwandise ukungena komoya ekamelweni, kuyadingeka ukususa i-louver ku-fan ye-ventilation ngaphansi kwesembozo sokungenisa umoya sedivayisi yangaphandle, ukuze umthamo we-ventilation ukhule.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubuye kuhambisane nemvamisa yokukhipha umoya ekamelweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umoya osegumbini uhlale usesimweni esihlanzekile nesihlanzekile.
Okwesithathu, ohlelweni lokuhlanza amafutha, kuzoba nomshini wokugxuma ophezulu ngenxa yegwebu eliningi, ukuvela kwalesi simo kuhlobene eduze nesimo somshini wokuhlanza amafutha ngokwawo.Enqubweni yokusebenzisa iphampu kawoyela emafutheni, igwebu eliningi livame ukuholela ezingeni loketshezi elingamanga lombhoshongo we-vacuum, futhi ngaleyo ndlela lihambe ngokuqondile.Lesi futhi isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuthi isihlanza uwoyela sigxume.Ukuze kuxazululwe ngokuphumelelayo le nkinga, i-vacuum yombhoshongo we-vacuum ingancishiswa ohlelweni lwepompo likawoyela libe ngamafutha, bese i-valve kawoyela yehliswa, ukuze kusize ukuxazulula le nkinga, kodwa ukungasebenzi kwalesi sixazululo ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa kuzoncishiswa kakhulu.
Okwesine, engxenyeni yesihlanzi sikawoyela esingenisiwe, imitha yaso yomehluko wengcindezi ayinakho, ukuze kungabikho indlela yokuthola umehluko wengcindezi yokuhlunga, futhi asikho isikhumbuzi se-alamu esifanelekile.Endabeni yekhwalithi kawoyela engeyinhle, kulula ukujama isimanga, okuholela ekugxumeni kokuhlanza uwoyela.Ngaphandle kokwengeza imitha, kunconywa ukwenza imisebenzi yokuhlanza evamile ukuze ugweme into yokuvinjelwa futhi unciphise imiphumela emibi ekusebenzeni okuvamile kokuhlanza uwoyela.
Okwesihlanu, lapho isihlanzi samafutha sinephutha ngemva kokulungiswa kabusha kwenqubo yokuqalisa kabusha, ngenxa yokuthi imbudumbudu yamafutha okugcoba ayizange ihlangabezane nezindinganiso nezimfuneko, ukwehluleka komshini wokuhlanza uwoyela womshini wokugxuma, okubangele ukuthi isikhathi sokulungisa siqine kakhulu.Ukubaluleka kokuhlanza uwoyela kuya ngokuya kugqama, ngakho-ke kuyanconywa ukuthi wengeze isihlanzi samafutha njengesipele.Isihlanza uwoyela samanje siyivacuumisihlanzi samafutha, ukusebenza kahle kwesihlungi kuphansi, kodwa futhi kukhiqiza umsindo omkhulu.Uma ucabanga ukwengeza izinto ezintsha zokuhlanza uwoyela, kuyanconywa ukuthi ukhethe izihlanzi zikawoyela ezisezingeni elingcono emakethe.Uma ukhetha isihlanzi samafutha, ukusebenza kahle kwaso kanye nomthelela womsindo onamandla endaweni kufanele kucatshangelwe.I-oil purifier esebenza kahle kuzo zonke izici ingagwema izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ezibangelwa ukungalingani kwengcindezi ye-vacuum.Endabeni yokulungiswa kabusha kanye nekhwalithi kawoyela ephansi, kungagwema umthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kahle komsebenzi.
4 Isiphetho
isihlanzi sikawoyela sizoba nomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni kwe-steam turbine, futhi ukubaluleka kwayo kuyabonakala.Kulolu cwaningo, amaphutha ajwayelekile kanye nezimbangela ekusebenzeni kwesihlanzi sikawoyela kuyahlaziywa, bese kunikezwa iziphakamiso zokuxazulula izinkinga ezihambisanayo kanye neziphakamiso zokuthuthukisa isihlanzi sikawoyela, okuhloswe ngaso ukubeka isisekelo esiqinile sokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwesitimu. i-turbine.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-24-2023